Study on Cost Estimation of Free Family Planning Technical Services / 中国卫生经济

Objective:To calculate the average full cost and average direct cost of the 13 items of free family planning technical services,and provide references for the settlement standard of free family planning technical service project during the period of "two children policy".Methods:Questionnaire survey,ladder allocation method and time coefficient distribution method.Results:Among the 13 items of free family planning technical service,the highest cost was the tubal recanalization(full cost wasl 719.38 yuan,direct cost was 1 381.36 yuan),followed by tubal ligation and the cost of the operation(full cost was 974.76 yuan,direct cost was 786.75 yuan),the lowest was the contraceptive ring and pregnancy situation(full cost was 37.62 yuan,direct cost was 30.37 yuan);free family planning technical service items constituted the details,laboratory tests costed the most time and the number of participants in the operation was the largest.The current settlement standard of Sichuan compensated the actual cost of less than one-third.Conclusion:Maternal and child health institutions should improve efficiency,control too much inspection,strengthen cost management.The government should promptly adjust the relevant settlement standards to make up the actual costs.

Effect of miR-155 on AngII-induced Mice Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Switching With its Mechanism / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To observe the effect of miR-155 on angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ)-induced mice vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype switching with its possible mechanism. Methods: Primary cultured mice VSMCs were treated by AngⅡ at different concentrations and time periods, relevant expressions of miR-155 were examined by RT-PCR. qRT-PCR was conducted to determine miR-155 changes in Blank control group, miR-155 mimics group, miR-155 mimics negative control (NC) group, miR-155 inhibitor group and miR-155 inhibitor NC group. Western blot analysis was performed to measure the effect of miR-155 on AngⅡ-enforced ERK1/2 and mTOR signaling pathway in Blank control group, AngⅡ group, miR-155 mimics group, AngⅡ+miR-155 mimics group, miR-155 inhibitor group and AngⅡ+miR-155 inhibitor group; to detect the impact of miR-155, rapamycin (Rap) and U0126 on AngⅡ promoted VSMC phenotype switching in Blank control group, AngⅡ group, miR-155 mimics group, AngⅡ+miR-155 mimics group, AngⅡ+U0126 group and AngⅡ+Rap group, and to detect protein expressions of SM22α, α-SM-actin (contractile phenotype marker protein) and OPN (synthetic phenotype marker). Results: AngⅡ decreasing miR-155 expression was in a dose- and time-dependent manner. miR-155 could reduce the basal and AngⅡ-promoted ERK1/2, mTOR signaling pathway, while miR-155 inhibitor could elevate the above effect. Rap, U0126 and miR-155 could inhibit AngⅡ-attenuated expressions of SM22α, α-SM-actin and meanwhile inhibit AngⅡ-enforced expression of OPN. Conclusion: miR-155 could inhibit mice AngⅡ-promoted VSMC phenotype switching which might be via inhibiting the activations of mTOR and ERK1/2.

Effect of miR-155 on AngII-induced Mice Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Switching With its Mechanism / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To observe the effect of miR-155 on angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ)-induced mice vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype switching with its possible mechanism. Methods: Primary cultured mice VSMCs were treated by AngⅡ at different concentrations and time periods, relevant expressions of miR-155 were examined by RT-PCR. qRT-PCR was conducted to determine miR-155 changes in Blank control group, miR-155 mimics group, miR-155 mimics negative control (NC) group, miR-155 inhibitor group and miR-155 inhibitor NC group. Western blot analysis was performed to measure the effect of miR-155 on AngⅡ-enforced ERK1/2 and mTOR signaling pathway in Blank control group, AngⅡ group, miR-155 mimics group, AngⅡ+miR-155 mimics group, miR-155 inhibitor group and AngⅡ+miR-155 inhibitor group; to detect the impact of miR-155, rapamycin (Rap) and U0126 on AngⅡ promoted VSMC phenotype switching in Blank control group, AngⅡ group, miR-155 mimics group, AngⅡ+miR-155 mimics group, AngⅡ+U0126 group and AngⅡ+Rap group, and to detect protein expressions of SM22α, α-SM-actin (contractile phenotype marker protein) and OPN (synthetic phenotype marker). Results: AngⅡ decreasing miR-155 expression was in a dose- and time-dependent manner. miR-155 could reduce the basal and AngⅡ-promoted ERK1/2, mTOR signaling pathway, while miR-155 inhibitor could elevate the above effect. Rap, U0126 and miR-155 could inhibit AngⅡ-attenuated expressions of SM22α, α-SM-actin and meanwhile inhibit AngⅡ-enforced expression of OPN. Conclusion: miR-155 could inhibit mice AngⅡ-promoted VSMC phenotype switching which might be via inhibiting the activations of mTOR and ERK1/2.

Values of tandem mass spectrometry in etiologic diagnosis of cerebral developmental retardation / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To investigate the values of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in etiologic diagnosis and understanding therapeutic effect in cerebral developmental retardation, and to help patients in early diagnosis, treatment and favorable prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and fifty-eight childhood patients with brain heteroplasia were tested from July 2004 to October 2006. The blood was collected on filter paper, punched and extracted into methanol solution with stable isotope labeled internal standards, then derivatized with butanolic-HCl. After preparation, the samples were analysed by tandem mass spectrometry. Eleven MS/MS-positive patients were further analyzed based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of urine, clinical course, and treatment outcome.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eleven of 158 patients (7.0%) with inborn metabolic error were confirmed, including five with methylmalonic acidemia, two with propionic acidemia, one with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, one with maple syrup urine disease, one with phenylketonuria, and one with biotinidase deficiency. Among them, five were male, six were female, aged from 4 days to 21 months. The clinical manifestations were diverse, including mental developmental retardation or degradation (11 cases), convulsion (5 cases), coma (4 cases), vomiting (4 cases), malnutrition (4 cases), lethargy (3 cases), repeated infection (3 cases), hypotonia (2 cases), etc. Laboratory findings showed metabolic acidosis, hyperammonemia, hyperlactacidemia, anemia, etc. MRI findings of the brain showed cerebral atrophy, a pattern of bilateral T(2)W high signal intensity or/and T(1)W low signal intensity in cerebral white matter and multiple encephalomalacia or vesicular change, ect. In methylmalonic acidemia patients, the early onset with severe acidosis and coma have had a poor prognosis. Improvement was observed in 8 cases after treatment with vitamin B(12), L-carnitine, special milk, low-protein diet or biotin, etc. However 3 MMA patients died.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MS/MS was helpful for some patients in etiologic diagnosis and understanding therapeutic effect of cerebral developmental retardation. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to improve the prognosis and prevent brain damage.</p>

Screening and analysis of associated genes in the carcinogenesis and progression of gastric cancer / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen and analyze the important associated genes in different stages of gastric cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) to screen differentially expressed genes; detecting the expression of genes in different stages of gastric cancer with dot blot hybridization; and verifying the results with semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-six differentially expressed gene fragments were obtained by means of SSH. Among them,24 were known genes, 1 was a new expressed sequence tags(EST), and 1 was a hypothetical gene. The results of dot blot hybridization demonstrated that the expressions of Annexin A2, RPS29, RPS12 etc. in dysplasia were higher than those in normal mucosa; the expressions of RPS12 etc.in early cancer were higher than those in normal mucosa;the expressions of cytochromosome C oxidase II, ferritin light chain, RPS12 etc. in advanced gastric cancer and lymph node metastases were consistently higher than those in normal mucosa. The expression of proteasome 26S subunit gene in advanced gastric cancer was higher than that in normal mucosa. The expression of RPS12 was consistently higher in different stages of gastric cancer. It was demonstrated by RT-PCR that the expression of RPS12 in gastric cancer was higher than that in normal mucosa.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The authors have identified some important genes that might be involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of gastric cancer, and RPS12 may play more important roles in gastric cancer.</p>

Magnetic resonance imaging changes and analysis of related factors after treatment in childhood hepatolenticular degeneration / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objectives To observe the changes of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) during the course of treatment in hepatolen-ticular degeneration (HLD) and to evaluate its related factors.Methods Sixty - three patients with HLD received routine SE sequence MRI of brain and liver.Twenty - two patients with abnormal MRI in 42 patients and each of them had 2-4 times of serial MRI ex-aminations at interval of 1.0- 1.5 year.Results Ten patients had lesion in both brain and liver in 22 patients. Nine patients only in brain, 3 patients in liver.The major lesions disappear or decrease after rational treatments. There were only slight or no changes of MRI abnormalities in patients receiving treatments or age of patients was over 15 year old. Abnormal MRI findings shown again after stopped treatments over 2 months. In such cases, the clinical and MRI improvements were slow.The rate of clinical and MRI improvement in patients with adequate treatment were markedly higher than patients with inadequate treatment.Conclusions Liver and brain lesion will show in MRI disappear after adequate treatment;There are only slight or no change or showing again in MRI abnormalities in pa-tients with inadequate treatments compared with poor clinical improvement. MRI is beneficial to understanding therapeutic effect and prognosis of HLD.

Cloning associated genes using microdissection-cDNA PCR-SSH in gastric dysplasia / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct cDNA subtracted libraries from gastric dysplasia and further screen differentially expressed genes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Relatively pure dysplasia and normal tissue were procured by manual microdissection, and amplified by cDNA-PCR, which was used to carry on for suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). Subtracted cDNA fragments were linked with vector, cloned, screened, sequenced, and made homologous search. Differentially expressed fragments were verified by dot hybridization.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two subtracted cDNA libraries were constructed. Among 26 sequenced clones, 15 fragments corresponded to known genes, 3 fragments were known EST and 8 fragments were unknown EST (GenBank BQ164614-BQ164616, BQ291516-BQ291520). Fifteen fragments were verified to be differentially expressed in gastric dysplasia.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Subtracted cDNA libraries from gastric dysplasia are constructed using combination of microdissection-cDNA PCR and SSH setup in our laboratory. Some fragments have been screened and verified to help to search for novel associated genes with gastric carcinogenesis.</p>